Which protocol is used for secure data transmission over the internet?

The protocol used for secure data transmission over the internet is SSL (Secure Sockets Layer). SSL is designed to create a secure, encrypted connection between a web server and a browser, ensuring that any data transferred remains private and integral. It achieves this through the use of cryptographic techniques that protect data from being intercepted by unauthorized parties.

When SSL is implemented, it encrypts the data being sent, which is crucial for protecting sensitive information such as credit card numbers, personal details, and login credentials from cyber threats. The presence of SSL is often indicated by "https://" in a URL, where the 's' stands for secure, contrasting with the standard HTTP which does not provide this level of security.

In summary, SSL is essential for establishing a secure connection for data transmission over the internet, making it a fundamental protocol for ensuring online security.