What is the primary difference between RAM and ROM?

The primary difference between RAM and ROM lies in their volatility. RAM, or Random Access Memory, is classified as volatile memory, meaning that it loses all stored data when the power is turned off. It is designed to provide temporary storage for data and instructions that the CPU needs while a computer is running. This allows for quick read and write access, making it essential for a computer's performance during active tasks.

On the other hand, ROM, or Read-Only Memory, is non-volatile, which means it retains its data even when the power is turned off. ROM typically contains firmware, which is critical for booting up the computer and other low-level functions. The data stored in ROM is not meant to be modified or written frequently, ensuring that important system instructions remain intact.

This distinction explains why RAM is used for tasks requiring fast access to data, while ROM is used for stable, persistent storage of essential information. Understanding this difference is crucial for grasping how computer memory systems operate and the roles each type of memory plays in system functionality.