What is an example of a non-volatile memory?

Non-volatile memory refers to types of storage that retain their data even when the power is turned off. ROM, or Read-Only Memory, is a prime example of this because it is designed to store firmware or permanent software that is not intended to be modified frequently. Unlike volatile memory types, such as RAM (Random Access Memory) and cache memory, which lose their data when the system is powered down, ROM retains its contents, making it reliable for booting up systems and storing essential instructions for operation.

When a device powers on, it typically reads instructions from ROM to understand how to load the operating system and perform initial hardware checks. This ability to maintain data integrity without power is what classifies ROM as non-volatile and makes it essential for system functionality.