What function does the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) perform?

The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is a critical component of the CPU that specifically handles both arithmetic and logical operations. Arithmetic operations include basic mathematical functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, while logical operations involve comparisons (like AND, OR, NOT) and decisions based on boolean logic.

This allows the CPU to perform essential computations and make straightforward decisions based on the data it processes. The ALU is fundamental to the functioning of most computer programs, which require these operations to manipulate data effectively.

In the context of the other choices: handling input/output operations is typically the responsibility of other components within the CPU or separate controllers; storing long-term memory data refers to functions performed by memory units such as RAM or hard drives, not the ALU; and managing communication between the CPU and peripherals falls under the purview of the motherboard and its controllers, not the ALU itself. Thus, the correct choice clearly outlines the main role of the ALU within the computer architecture.