What characterizes the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model?

The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) model is characterized by the fact that devices within the network operate both as clients and servers. In a P2P architecture, each participant (or peer) can request resources from other peers as well as provide resources to them. This dual functionality allows for a decentralized structure where all connected devices can share files, process data, and perform other tasks without needing a central server to manage the communications.

This model enhances flexibility and scalability, as the network can grow or change without significant overhauls. The collective resources of all devices can be harnessed to deliver services, which fosters collaboration and resource sharing more effectively than a traditional client-server model. Thus, the essence of P2P networking lies in the equal capability of each participant to send and receive data, supporting a more egalitarian approach to network resources.