How does the layer model provide abstraction?

The layer model provides abstraction primarily by organizing complex systems into manageable layers, each of which has a specific functionality. By doing so, it hides the intricate details of the hardware from users and higher layers. This allows users to interact with the system without needing to understand the underlying hardware operations. Each layer communicates with those directly above and below it through well-defined interfaces, allowing changes and improvements to be made within one layer without affecting others. This separation of concerns simplifies the overall system architecture, making it easier for developers and users to work with the system effectively while abstracting away the complexity of the underlying hardware.

The other options, while related to aspects of computing and resource management, do not directly address how the layer model achieves abstraction. Sharing resources, enhancing processing speed, and creating backups relate more to system functionality and performance than to the core principle of abstraction provided by the layer model.